Battery and method of making same.



r H. WlLHELM-& H. OLANETA.

B ATTERY AND METHOD- OF MAKING SAME. APPLICATION FILED Au. 1o 1911.

1,283,005., -Patented Oct. 29, 1918;

is wrappedwith a material such I in other words,

HENRY WILHEIJM AND HAROLD oLA vETA, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

BATTERY ANI) METHOD OF MAKING SAME.-

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, HENRY WILHELM and HAROLD OLANETA, citizens of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Batteries and Methods of Making Same, of which the following-is a specification.

This invention relates to'batteries, more particularly-to that class teries, the object of the-invention being to provide an improved knock-down battery and method of making the the manufacture of the battery simplified, the expense thereof a longer lived battery obtained.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an improved cartridge and method of making the same which can be readily used in the manufacture of this improved lmopk-down battery and which cartridge m'adelup any suitable formula and containing a carbon iswrapped with a subis very much stantially non-porous material such as paper whereby the bodyofwhich the cartridge is known as dry batreduced and Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Application filed August 10, 1917. Serial No. 185,408.

that it can be handled Oct. as, rare.

, Similar characters of references. indicate corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawings.

In the present improvement the cartridge 2 made of any suitable formula suflicient to leave it in a reasonably hard condition so to permit it to be wrapped, is wrapped with paper 3' held thereon in any suitable way as by windings 'of thread. A This cartridge of course consame whereby 1 centering disk adapted to closely engage the lower end of.

tains the carbon 4 and the ends of the paper are tucked in so as to completely inclose the body of-thecartridge. Into the bottom of a zinc cup 5 is inserted a suitable paste 6 and then into the cup is inserted an insulating 7 having fluted edges 8 the cartridge "when the same is inserted therein to properly space and hold the cartridge in position. After the cartridge is inserted in the cup the exciter 9 is placed therein. This-exciter. comprises a suitable paste which is cooked before it is placed in made and the paste in the cuplwill be pre? vented from running .together.

Heretoforein the formation of dry batteries the cartridge hasbeen covered with a porous material such as cloth, usually cheesecloth, in consequence of which when the exciter or'p'aste was poured. in around the cartridge and then cooked, the result was that the material inclosed within the cloth wrapper and that surrounding it percolated through the wrapper and became equalized, an endosmotic action took. a battery in which the life a place resulting in thereof was very much shortened. In the present improvement, however,the cartridge as paper which prevents this action from taking place and in the formation of the battery the paste surrounding the cartridge is first cooked and the cartridge squeezed in place in the previously cooked paste, thus preventing the percolation of the materials'fthrough the the life of the battery.

In the drawings accompanying and formi ing a part of this specification Figure 1 is a fluted insulating centering means for centering the cartridge in the case.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the fact that the cartridge is the 'cup whereupon the cup. In practice the lower disk and cartridge with the disk on the cartridge are inserted as one member into the cup and this may also be done with the upper disk 10. On top of the cartridge and paste is located a Washer or disk 10 which is of insulating material to center the cartridge and then on top of this washer or disk 11 bulged upto form an air space between the two disks. Then into the upper end of the cup is placedv a suitable sealing material whereupon the battery is ready for use. exciter is in the form of a. cooked paste cooked prior to the tinie it is inserted into when the cartridge is placed in the cup it'is squeezed into the paste. Heretofore, however, the eXciter was in the form of a liquid subsequently cooked' after it was placed in the cup by cooking the whole battery together which caused the equalizing of 'the'material of tridge is formed and of the exciter or paste around the cartridge which was permitted by the porous formation of the wrapping around the cartridge thereby materially shortening the life of thebattery. In the present improvement,however, by reason of wrapped with paper not having suflicient porosity to'permitthe body of the cartridge'and the paste surrounding the same to mm, the equalization or endosmotic action of the substance is disk is located another which the car- In the present instance, as' stated, the

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prevented and especiallyis this so by reason of the fact that the paste surrounding the cartridge 'is cooked prior to the time it is placed in the cup.

From the foregoing it follows that a user may. purchasethe necessary nuu'erials'comment consists in the making of a cartridge and of a battery in which endosmotic action is prevented by the use of a suitable substantially non-porous material such as paper or analogous materials separating the car'- tridge from the paste or eXciter surrounding method ofgconstruction so that each cell' it. ect' j If a manufacturer could discover some As'stated by anauthority on this subwould be eXactlylike the best which he can producegit wouldbe a greatachievement in the improvement of quality. Some of the reasonsfor variation are known and others are mysterious. There is no doubt that care in selectioh and purification of material, and more especially care in assembling them, are important factors. A product which has a comparatively high rate of deterioration will show greater non-uniformity in the hands of the users than will a product which has a low rate,this being due to the variation in the period from manufacture to use. e have dlscovered that batteries up to the present time have been manufactured as goodas the material would allow the manufacturer in'his mode of procedure, and he has left the depreciation of life, intensity'of light, inability-to remain on the shelf, and short circuiting of same to mysterious forces commonly called local action.

\Ve have discovered that the depreciation of life and intensity of light is caused by elements forming a light endosmose of the paste becoming supersaturated with the oxids chlorids and metallic elements, caused by the direct contact of the paste, which is in direct contact with the metallic elements such as zinc. All of these in time deposit on the cartridge which causes the depreciation in life and the intensity of light therefore these materials that have been consumed by the cartridge and has deteriorated both life and. light should have been retained in the paste and this is one of the defects that the paper overcomes.

Inability to remain onthe shelf, is caused by different temperatures and variations of Lesspoa the mixtures of the pastor One being more saturated than the other would cause more action on the cartridge by depositing more a of the oxidin the cartrldge while not in use and which the paper overcomes. I

Short circulting of a battery ISCHUSGd by the impurities of the zinc, these impurities forming' light oXids and depositing on the cartridge causes the short circuit of a bat-.

tery, and which the paper overcomes as the OXldS do not go through the paper and do not get into the *artridge.

All these local actions and all these defects are formed by endosmose in. all batteries made previous to this, therefore by using paper or any other close material we prevent endosmose in all kinds of dry batteries.

By the term substantially non-porous as used herein and in the claims is meant a material or paper that 1s closely woven, and

which has no perceptible openingsor open pores therein, that is a paper or material in which the pores cannot be perceived by the naked eye, and possibly only by means of a very powerful magnifying glass. Rice paper is an example of sucha paper. By the humid, it acts as a conductor between the.

use of a thin flexible paper or other tissue paste and depolarizer, and is sutficient to pass the ions through without having the By pouring in the paste mixture in liquid form and having it gelatinized by standing or cooking both acids are equalized (endos-m paste. come into direct contact. with the-'- depolarizer.

IOQ

more life off the cell than if they had been I kept separated and second by having the solution in the depolarizer which is stronger acting on the zinc while in thepaste.

Endos'mose cannot be prevented whenliquids are used nor can it be prevented by pouring in liquids the Way batteries are usually made or by pouring in the liquid and the same. v

I then waiting for it m solidify or bycooking We cook the paste before it goes-into the battery and the cartridgeis one solid mass and when they are in-the battery they are kept totally separated except for the humidity that is in the paper to enable contact to be made for the ions to pass; Where there are no free liquids'at any time endosmo'se cannot take )lace of diflerent-densities of solutions soli ified or different kinds of acids solidified.

We also prevent by the paper an endosmose of the cartridge .bythe super oxide which eventually form in all electrolyte batteries, for while the paper on the cartridge is humid for the passage of the ions it is close enough for thev arrest of all;,'-heavier I Wrapping than humidity,

We claim asiour invention:

- 1. The-method of makinga cartridge for i I abattery which consists in forming a suitable .body with an electrode therein and then it with a substantially non-porous material. 1

2. The method of making acartridge'for a battery Which consists in forming a suitable body With an electrode. therein and then 'vvrapping it with a substantially-nonporous material such as paper.

'- Wrapped: .with

.material.

3. A cartridge for abatte'r'y consisting of i a body havimg an electrode therein and 4.. A cartridge for a battery consisting of a body having an electrode therein and Wrapped with a substantially non-porous material comprising paper.

5. The method of making a battery which consists in first providmg a cartridge p I Wrapped with a substantially non-porous material, then inserting the cartridge into a cup, .then inserting a cooked paste around the cartridge,

' the. latter into the Wrapped cartridge,

v paper Wrapped cartridge therein,

bled parts.

6. The method of-making a battery vvhich consists in providing a cup and a closely Woven paper Wrapped cartridge, inserting former and then surrounding the cartridge With a paste and sealing .the battery. 7 The method of making a battery which paper Wrapped cartridge viously cooked paste surrounding the car; tridge, the cartridge being centered and spaced from the cup at one end by a fluted a substantially non-porous,

and then sealing-the so-assem inserting the latter into,

10. dry'battery comprising a cup,.-a

therein, and a. predisk 11 A dry battery comprising a' cup, apaper Wrapped cartridge therein, and a pre vlously cooked paste surrounding the cartridge, the cartridge being centered and spaced from the cup at one'end by a fluted disk and at the other. end by a pair of spaced disks.

'12. A-knock down battery comprising a -cup,i a paper wrapped cartridge-therein, a

previously cooked paste surrounding said cartridge and means at both ends of'the cartridge for centering and insulating'the cartridge. a I p '13. A knock-down batteryicomprising a cup, a. previously cooked paste surrounding said cart-ridge, and means at both ends of the cartridge for centering and insulating thecartridge, the means at one end comprising a fluted disk. I 5

14:. A- knock-down battery comprising a cup, a paper Wrapped cartridge'therein, a previously" cooked paste surrounding said cartrid e and means at both 'ends of the cartridge, the means at one end pair of spaced disks. 15. A knock-down battery comprising a 'tridge 'or centering and insulating the-carcomprising a cup, a closely Woven paper Wrapped carpaper Wrapped cartridge therein, a

tridge therein, a previously cooked paste surrounding said cartridge, and means at both ends of the cartridge for centering and insulating the cartridge, the means at one end comprising a fluted disk and at the other end a pair f spaced disks.

16. A caitridge for a battery consisting of a body aving an electrode therein and wrapped with closely Woven paper in which the pores are imperceptible to the naked eye. 17. A dry battery comprising a container,

a closely Woven paper Wrapped cartridge therein and a previously cooked paste surrounding the cartridge.

- HENRY VVILHELM.

HAROLD OLANETA. 

